Calotes versicolor

 

  • نام فارسی : سوسمار باغی هندی
  • نام علمی : (calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802
  • نام انگلیسی : indian garden lizard

Agamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)

نام های مترادف :

  • Agama versicolor Daudin, 1802
  • Agama indica Gray, 1827
  • Calotes versicolor: Boulenger, 1885

زیرگونه ها :

  • Calotes versicolor farooqi AUFFENBERG & REHMANN 1995
  • Calotes versicolor versicolor (DAUDIN 1802) 

مشخصات: دارای تاج پشتی مشخص، فلسهای پهلویی بدن به طرف عقب و بالا نوک نیز می شوند؛ فاقد چین و یا حفره در جلوی شانه‌ها، دو خار در بالای حفره گوش، 35 تا 52 فلس حول ناحیه میانی بدن.
رنگ آمیزی: رنگ آمیزی آنها متنوع و تغییر ناپذیر است، معمولاً قهوه ای تیره، زیتونی مایل به خاکستری، حنایی روشن یا خاکستری تیره، همراه با لکه‌ها یا نوارهای نا منظم. در فصل زاد و ولد رنگ نرها در سر گردن و شانه‌ها نارنجی روشن یا قرمز تیره، گلو و قفسه سینه نارنجی تا قرمز با لکه‌های سیاه.
 

زیستگاه: نواحی گرم و مرطوب در دشت‌های مسطح، دارای پوشش گیاهی غنی و متنوع بوته ای، جنگل‌ها، باغ‌ها در ایران تاکنون در بیشه زارهای قدیمی و نخلستان‌ها یافت شده است.
 

عادات و رفتار: سوسمارهای بسیار خجالتی، فعالیت روز هنگام، و اغلب شب‌ها در لابه لای بوته‌ها یا شاخه‌های درختان در ارتفاع 1 تا 9 متری از سطح زمین استراحت می کنند. بسیار ماهرانه و سریع از بوته‌ها و درختان بالا می روند؛ قادرند چشمهای خود در جهات مختلف مانند آفتاب پرست حرکت دهند. خود را با محیط اسارت به خوبی وفق می دهند. از حشرات و عنکبوتیان و نیز مهره داران کوچک و نیز جوندگان، مارها و مارمولک‌ها تغذیه می کنند. نرها هنگام فصل زاد و ولد با رنگ قرمز سرد و متورم کردن گلو ماده‌ها را جمع می کند. معمولاً 10 تا 20 تخم در خاک‌های مرطوب دفن می کنند. تخم‌ها سفید، دوکی شکل و کشیده اند. پس از 6 تا 7 هفته تخم‌ها باز می شوند. سوسمارهای جوان در حدود 1 سالگی می توانند جفت گیری کنند.
 

پراکندگی جهانی: از ایران (غرب سیستان و بلوچستان) به سمت شرق تا جنوب چین، به سمت جنوب شرقی تا ویتنام، مالزی و سوماترا و نیز جزایر جنوب هند.
 

اندازه: نوک پوزه تا مخرج 140 میلی متر دم 350 میلی متر
 

ملاحظات: محل نمونه تیپیک از پوندیچری واقع در هندوستان توسط Smith 1935 می باشد. دارای 3 زیر گونه اند. توضیحات ذکر شده برای خصوصیات ظاهری گونه،‌ مربوط به نمونه‌های غیر ایرانی است.

 

مقالات مرتبط:

 

  • Ali, Waqas; Arshad Javid, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Hamda Azmat and Ghazala Jabeen 2016. The Amphibians and Reptiles Collected from Different Habitat Types in District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 48(4): 1201-1204 - get paper here
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  • Amarasinghe, A. A. THASUN;, D. M. S. SURANJAN KARUNARATHNA, JAKOB HALLERMANN, JUNICHI FUJINUMA, HEINZ GRILLITSCH & PATRICK D. CAMPBELL 2014. A new species of the genus Calotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from high elevations of the Knuckles Massif of Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 3785 (1): 059–078 - get paper here
  • Amarasinghe, A.A. Thasun; D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna, and J. Fujinuma 2014. A New Calotes Species from Sri Lanka with a Redescription of Calotes liolepis Boulenger, 1885. Herpetologica 70 (3): 323-338 - get paper here
  • Amarsinghe, A.A.T. & Karunarathna, D.M.S.S. 2007. Beobachtungen zum Eiablageverhalten der Indischen Schönechse Calotes versicolor (DAUDIN 1802) (Reptilia: Agamidae) in einem anthropogenen Biotop in Sri Lanka. Sauria 29 (3): 27-30 - get paper here
  • AMMANNA, VEENA H. F. 2013. CALOTES VERSICOLOR (Asian garden lizard). Herpetological Bulletin (126) - get paper here
  • Ammanna, Veena H. F. 2015. Calotes versicolor (garden lizard) aggression. Herpetological Review 46 (4): 545-546 - get paper here
  • Andrews, R. M., Brandley, M. C. and Greene, V. W. 2013. Developmental sequences of squamate reptiles are taxon specific. Evolution & Development, 15: 326–343. doi: 10.1111/ede.12042 - get paper here
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  • Ansari NA. 2018. Enumeration of herpetofaunal assemblage of Surajpur Wetland, National Capital Region (India). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(2) [General Section]: 90–97 (e161) - get paper here
  • Ardesana, R., R. Jhala & M. Bharad 2018. A preliminary report on reptiles of Khirasara Vidi, Rajkot District, Gujarat, India. Reptile Rap#180. In: Zoo’s Print 33(2): 17:22 - get paper here
  • Ardesana, Ravi 2018. NATURAL HISTORY NOTES ON THE HARDWICKE'S BLOODSUCKER, Calotes minor (HARDWICKE & GRAY, 1827) WITH PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE AGAMIDAE OF GUJARAT, INDIA. Cobra 12 (1): 1-6 - get paper here
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  • Auffenberg, Walter;Rehman, Hafizur 1995. Calotes versicolor nigrigularis Auffenberg and Rehman 1993 a junior primary homonym. Asiatic Herpetological Research 6: 27 - get paper here
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  • Barnes, C H & Tipprapatkul, W; 2019. Calotes versicolor (Oriental Garden Lizard) Agonistic behavior. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 138
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  • Bergmann, P.J.; Hobbs, A.M.; Kavalanch, M.L. & Russell, A.P. 2004. Modulated but conserved segmental growth of the original tail in Callisaurus draconoides (Phrynosomatidae) and Calotes versicolor (Agamidae). Herpetologica 60 (1): 62-74 - get paper here
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